Sewage contamination poses significant health risks due to the presence of pathogens and hazardous substances. Understanding these risks is crucial for preventing and treating related health issues. ### What Health Problems Can Sewage Cause? Exposure to sewage can lead to various health problems, including: - **Gastrointestinal illnesses:** Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in sewage can cause diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and nausea. - **Skin infections:** Contact with contaminated water or soil can lead to skin rashes, itching, and redness. - **Respiratory problems:** Inhaling sewage fumes or aerosols can cause coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. - **Eye infections:** Sewage contaminants can irritate and infect the eyes, causing redness, swelling, and discharge. - **Long-term health effects:** Repeated exposure to sewage can increase the risk of developing certain chronic diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and cancer. ### How to Protect Yourself from Sewage Contamination - **Avoid contact with contaminated areas:** Stay away from flooded areas, sewage overflows, and contaminated water bodies. - **Wear protective gear:** Use gloves, boots, and masks when working in areas that may contain sewage. - **Wash hands frequently:** Clean your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling potentially contaminated materials. - **Get vaccinated:** Certain vaccines, such as hepatitis A and typhoid, can protect against specific pathogens in sewage. - **Seek medical attention immediately:** If you experience symptoms of sewage exposure, such as gastrointestinal illness, skin infections, or respiratory problems, seek medical attention promptly.